For which age group is the heel used for dermal punctures commonly applicable?

The heel is commonly used for dermal punctures in infants who are less than 1-2 years of age due to several anatomical and physiological considerations. In infants, especially those younger than 1 year, veins are typically smaller and deeper, making venipuncture more challenging. The heel provides a suitable alternative for blood collection because it contains sufficient capillary networks and is easily accessible.

Performing heel punctures on infants in this age range minimizes distress and potential complications. The skin on the heel is also softer and more pliable, reducing the risk of injury while still allowing for adequate blood sample collection. Additionally, the heel is an appropriate site for newborn screening tests, which are often conducted during this early stage of life.

In contrast, as children grow older and develop larger veins, other sites, such as the antecubital fossa, become more suitable for venipunctures, as they provide greater volume and safer access to blood vessels. This makes heel punctures less common for older children.